Deprecated: preg_match(): Passing null to parameter #2 ($subject) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/lbfactory/LBFactory.php on line 697
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: Return type of Wikimedia\Rdbms\IResultWrapper::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/resultwrapper/IResultWrapper.php on line 70
Deprecated: Return type of Wikimedia\Rdbms\IResultWrapper::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/resultwrapper/IResultWrapper.php on line 80
Deprecated: Return type of Wikimedia\Rdbms\IResultWrapper::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/resultwrapper/IResultWrapper.php on line 75
Deprecated: Return type of Wikimedia\Rdbms\ResultWrapper::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/resultwrapper/ResultWrapper.php on line 116
Deprecated: Return type of Wikimedia\Rdbms\ResultWrapper::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/resultwrapper/ResultWrapper.php on line 89
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\PHPSessionHandler::open($save_path, $session_name) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::open(string $path, string $name): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php on line 180
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\PHPSessionHandler::close() should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::close(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php on line 195
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\PHPSessionHandler::read($id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::read(string $id): string|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php on line 209
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\PHPSessionHandler::write($id, $dataStr) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::write(string $id, string $data): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php on line 237
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\PHPSessionHandler::destroy($id) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::destroy(string $id): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php on line 343
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\PHPSessionHandler::gc($maxlifetime) should either be compatible with SessionHandlerInterface::gc(int $max_lifetime): int|false, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php on line 364
Deprecated: MapCacheLRU implements the Serializable interface, which is deprecated. Implement __serialize() and __unserialize() instead (or in addition, if support for old PHP versions is necessary) in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/MapCacheLRU.php on line 37
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::count() should either be compatible with Countable::count(): int, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/session/Session.php on line 625
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::current() should either be compatible with Iterator::current(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/session/Session.php on line 631
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::next() should either be compatible with Iterator::next(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/session/Session.php on line 643
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::key() should either be compatible with Iterator::key(): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/session/Session.php on line 637
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::valid() should either be compatible with Iterator::valid(): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/session/Session.php on line 655
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::rewind() should either be compatible with Iterator::rewind(): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/session/Session.php on line 649
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::offsetExists($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetExists(mixed $offset): bool, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/session/Session.php on line 665
Deprecated: Return type of & MediaWiki\Session\Session::offsetGet($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetGet(mixed $offset): mixed, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/session/Session.php on line 678
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::offsetSet($offset, $value) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetSet(mixed $offset, mixed $value): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/session/Session.php on line 688
Deprecated: Return type of MediaWiki\Session\Session::offsetUnset($offset) should either be compatible with ArrayAccess::offsetUnset(mixed $offset): void, or the #[\ReturnTypeWillChange] attribute should be used to temporarily suppress the notice in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/session/Session.php on line 693
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: Message implements the Serializable interface, which is deprecated. Implement __serialize() and __unserialize() instead (or in addition, if support for old PHP versions is necessary) in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/Message.php on line 160
Deprecated: RawMessage implements the Serializable interface, which is deprecated. Implement __serialize() and __unserialize() instead (or in addition, if support for old PHP versions is necessary) in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/RawMessage.php on line 34
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property RequestContext::$recursion is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/context/RequestContext.php on line 328
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Parser::$mPreprocessorClass is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/parser/Parser.php on line 314
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property Parser::$extCite is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/extensions/Cite/includes/Cite.php on line 1293
Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property PPDStack::$accum is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/parser/Preprocessor_DOM.php on line 847
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php:34) in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/Feed.php on line 294
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php:34) in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/Feed.php on line 300
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php:34) in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/WebResponse.php on line 72
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php:34) in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/WebResponse.php on line 72
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php:34) in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/WebResponse.php on line 72
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/session/PHPSessionHandler.php:34) in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/WebResponse.php on line 72
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618 https://xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC%2C_%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87Тамм, Игорь Евгеньевич - История изменений2026-09-20T17:15:17ZИстория изменений этой страницы в викиMediaWiki 1.33.0 Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
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<td colspan="1" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">← Предыдущая</td>
<td colspan="1" style="background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;">Версия 11:20, 3 октября 2025</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-notice" lang="ru"><div class="mw-diff-empty">(нет различий)</div>
</td></tr></table>ОктябрьСтарое Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618
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Deprecated: strlen(): Passing null to parameter #1 ($string) of type string is deprecated in /home/h184173/data/www/xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/includes/libs/rdbms/database/Database.php on line 618 https://xn--c1akeeembm3hzb.xn--p1ai/index.php?title=%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BC,_%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8C_%D0%95%D0%B2%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87&diff=84&oldid=prevru>Крымолог-Импортёр-2-статьи: Новая страница: «{{Персона |описание= |имя=Игорь Евгеньевич Тамм |оригинал имени= |фото=Igor Tamm.jpg |ширина= |…»2022-07-12T00:01:20Z<p>Новая страница: «{{Персона |описание= |имя=Игорь Евгеньевич Тамм |оригинал имени= |фото=Igor Tamm.jpg |ширина= |…»</p>
<p><b>Новая страница</b></p><div>{{Персона<br />
|описание=<br />
|имя=Игорь Евгеньевич Тамм<br />
|оригинал имени=<br />
|фото=Igor Tamm.jpg <br />
|ширина=<br />
|комментарии к фото=<br />
|национальность=<br />
|гражданство={{Российская империя}} {{СССР}}<br />
|род деятельности=<br />
|награды={{Награды<br />
|награда 1=Нобелевская медаль<br />
|награда 2=Большая медаль Ломоносова<br />
|награда 3=Медаль Серп и Молот<br />
|награда 4=Сталинская премия<br />
|награда 5=Сталинская премия<br />
}}{{Награды<br />
|премия 1=Орден Ленина<br />
|премия 2=Орден Трудового Красного Знамени<br />
|премия 3=<br />
|премия 4=<br />
|премия 5=<br />
}}<br />
|в литературе=<br />
|сайт=<br />
|день рождения=8<br />
|месяц рождения=7<br />
|год рождения=1895<br />
|день смерти=12<br />
|месяц смерти=4<br />
|год смерти=1971<br />
|место рождения=<br />
|место смерти=<br />
|место рождения в Крыму=<br />
|место смерти в Крыму=<br />
|место жительства в Крыму 1=Симферополь<br />
|место жительства в Крыму 2=<br />
|место жительства в Крыму 3=<br />
|место захоронения в Крыму=<br />
|ученая степень=академик<br />
|научная сфера=теоретическая физика<br />
|альма-матер=Московский университет<br />
|учитель=<br />
|ученики=С. П. Шубин, Е. Л. Фейнберг, В. Л. Гинзбург, Л. В. Келдыш, М. А. Марков, А. Д. Сахаров, В. Г. Кадышевский<br />
|научные работы=<br />
<br />
}}<br />
'''И́горь Евге́ньевич Тамм''' (26 июня (8 июля) 1895, Владивосток — 12 апреля 1971, Москва) — советский физик-теоретик, лауреат Нобелевской премии по физике (совместно с П. А. Черенковым и [[Франк, Илья Михайлович|И. М. Франком]], 1958), дважды лауреат Сталинской премии, Герой Социалистического Труда (1953).<br />
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== Биография ==<br />
Игорь Евгеньевич Тамм родился [[8 июля]] [[1895 год]]а во Владивостоке в семье инженера Евгения Фёдоровича Тамма (немца по национальности<ref>[Сетевой ресурс: www.peoples.ru/science/physics/tamm/ Игорь Евгеньевич Тамм / Igor Tamm]</ref>) и Ольги Михайловны Давыдовой. В 1898 году его семья переехала в Елисаветград (впоследствии Кировоград, Украина), где отец Игоря, Евгений Фёдорович, много лет проработал «городским инженером»: руководил водоснабжением и строительством городской электростанции. После окончании гимназии в Елисаветграде Тамм учился в университете Эдинбурга. Перед началом Первой мировой войны перевёлся на физико-математический факультет Московского университета, который и окончил в 1918 году с дипломом по физике.<br />
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Уходил добровольцем на фронт в качестве «брата милосердия». После кратковременного увлечения политикой (член партии меньшевиков, депутат 1-го Съезда Советов от Елисаветграда) начинает академическую карьеру. Преподаёт в различных научных учреждениях: Таврическом университете ([[Симферополь]]) (1919—1920 гг.), с 1920 г. сотрудничает с Л. И. Мандельштамом, преподаёт в Одесском политехническом институте (с 1993 года Одесский национальный политехнический университет) (1921—1922), где Л. И. Мандельштам заведовал кафедрой.<br />
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С 1922 года (с двумя краткими перерывами) и до конца карьеры деятельность Тамма протекает в Москве. В течение многих лет он руководит кафедрой теоретической физики Московского инженерно-физического института (МИФИ). Становится доцентом и профессором. С 1934 г. работает в Физическом институте им. Лебедева АН СССР, основывает и возглавляет там теоретический отдел, который оказал большое влияние на научную работу Тамма. 1 февраля 1933 года Тамма избирают членом-корреспондентом АН СССР по отделению математических и естественных наук, а 23 октября 1953 года Игорь Евгеньевич становится академиком АН СССР по отделению физико-математических наук. Получает из рук самого Сталина Сталинскую премию.<br />
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И. Е. Тамм скончался 12 апреля 1971 года от бокового амиотрофического склероза, который привёл к параличу дыхательных мышц. Незадолго до кончины ему пришлось прибегнуть к искусственной вентиляции лёгких с помощью специального аппарата. Похоронен на Новодевичьем кладбище в Москве.<br />
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== Научная деятельность ==<br />
Основные направления научного творчества Тамма относятся к квантовой механике, физике твёрдого тела, теории излучения, ядерной физике, физике элементарных частиц, а также к решению ряда прикладных задач.<br />
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В 1932 году опубликовал работу, в которой теоретически предсказал существование поверхностных состояний на поверхности твёрдого тела (этот вид поверхностных состояний сейчас известен как состояния Тамма).<br />
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Совместно с И. М. Франком в 1937 году описал (формула Франка — Тамма) движение частиц в среде со скоростью, превышающей скорость света в этой среде. Эта работа объяснила ранее полученные экспериментальные данные (эффект Вавилова — Черенкова), за что в 1958 году Черенков, Франк и Тамм получили Нобелевскую премию. В 1945 году разработал метод решения задач квантовой теории поля, получивший название метода Тамма — Данкова[1]. Лауреат Сталинской премии первой степени (1946). В 1967 году был награждён Большой золотой медалью имени М. В. Ломоносова за выдающиеся достижения в теории элементарных частиц и других областях теоретической физики.<br />
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Совместно с А. Д. Сахаровым разработал принципы удержания плазмы в токамаке.<br />
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В 1955 году подписал «Письмо трёхсот».<br />
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В 1960-х годах И. Е. Тамм был активным участником Пагуошского движения ученых.<br />
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Среди его учеников — С. П. Шубин, Е. Л. Фейнберг, В. Л. Гинзбург, Л. В. Келдыш, Д. И. Блохинцев, М. А. Марков, А. Д. Сахаров, В. Г. Кадышевский, С. А. Альтшулер, Ю. И. Кулаков.<br />
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Сын — Е. И. Тамм, известный альпинист, руководитель первой советской гималайской экспедиции (Эверест, 1982).<br />
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== Память ==<br />
* Именем академика Тамма названа площадь в Москве.<br />
* Во Владивостоке перед корпусом Института Физики и Информационных Технологий Дальневосточного государственного университета установлен памятник Тамму.<br />
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== Некоторые труды ==<br />
* Л. И. Мандельштам, И. Е. Тамм «[Сетевой ресурс: daarb.narod.ru/mandtamm/index.html Соотношение неопределённости энергия-время в нерелятивистской квантовой механике]»<ref>Сетевой ресурс: daarb.narod.ru/mandtamm/index.html</ref>, Изв. Акад. Наук СССР (сер. физ.) '''9''', 122—128 (1945).<br />
* {{книга<br />
| автор = И. Е. Тамм<br />
| заглавие = Основы теории электричества.<br />
| ссылка = <br />
| издание = 10-е изд., испр.<br />
| место = М.<br />
| издательство = Наука. Гл. ред. физ.-мат. лит.<br />
| год = 1989<br />
| том = <br />
| страницы = <br />
| страниц = 504<br />
| серия = <br />
| isbn = 5-02-014244-1<br />
| тираж = 25500<br />
}}<br />
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== Примечания ==<br />
{{Примечания}}<br />
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== Ссылки ==<br />
* [Сетевой ресурс: library.istu.edu/hoe/personalia/tamm.pdf О Тамме — Биография, автобиография, воспоминания]<br />
* [Сетевой ресурс: www.n-t.ru/nl/fz/tamm.htm Игорь Тамм. Биография на сайте электронной библиотеки «Наука и техника»] <br />
* [Сетевой ресурс: www.hrono.ru/biograf/bio_t/tamm.html Игорь Евгеньевич Тамм. Биография на сайте ХРОНОС]<br />
* [Сетевой ресурс: www.krugosvet.ru/articles/04/1000497/1000497a1.htm Игорь Евгеньевич Тамм. Биография на сайте krugosvet.ru]<br />
* [Сетевой ресурс: nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1958 Информация с сайта Нобелевского комитета]<br />
* [Сетевой ресурс: ufn.ru/ru/articles/1959/7/c/ И. Тамм. «Общие свойства излучения, испускаемого системами, движущимися со сверхсветовыми скоростями, и некоторые приложения к физике плазмы». Нобелевская лекция], Успехи физических наук, том 68, выпуск 3, июль 1959<br />
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== Примечания ==<br />
{{примечания}}<br />
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